TA-RA TAUBIRA!
On January 27th, outspoken French Justice Minister
Christiane Taubira resigned and left the Socialist government of President
François Hollande in a clash over the proposed law on stripping French-born
dual nationals convicted of terrorism in France of their French citizenship. Taubira
had refused to support a law that she considers discriminatory because it would
create two different levels of citizenship, contrary to the principle of Egalité
embedded in the French Constitution. Prime Minister Manuel Valls then presented
the bill himself to the National Assembly without any mention of dual citizenship, ostensibly because in practice one cannot leave an individual stateless and the
law could therefore only apply to dual nationals.
The bill requires an amendment of the French Constitution
and will be deliberated in parliament together with the government's request to
extend the state of emergency for another three months after its expiration on
February 26. Although both issues have raised reservations on the left, they
are widely supported on the right and by a majority of the French people. It is
now up to Taubira's successor, Jean-Jacques Urvoas, a Deputy and law professor
from Brittany and a close ally of Prime Minister Valls, to defend the measures
in Parliament.
Although Taubira's resignation came as a shock it was not
really a surprise. Best known for her role in legislating same-sex marriage in
2013, she had had earlier run-ins with the President and Prime Minister Valls
on policy issues. In August 2014 three government ministers resigned in protest
against Hollande's economic policies, and the President had to intervene in a
public dispute between Valls and Taubira to avoid her departure as well. Despite
her 4ft. 11in. height she cast a long shadow as a feisty defender of leftist
causes, and as a black woman with a background of socialist militancy her
symbolic value to Hollande was undeniable.
Their break was inevitable but the parting on the steps of
the Elysée Palace seemed cordial. After the President had thanked her for her
significant contributions, Taubira hopped on her bike and pedaled away to loud
applause of her supporters. Only to be on everybody's lips again a few days
later with the publication of her well-timed book "Murmures à la
Jeunesse"
− a detailed defense of her opposition to the revocation of
citizenship. By then, Taubira was in New York where she gave a rousing speech
to a packed audience at NYU and to accept an honorary doctorate degree in law
and human rights from the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee.
Taubira is only the latest in a string of ministers to leave
the current government. Of the 34 ministers François Hollande appointed upon
his election in May 2012, only 13 remain today. All others were either fired or
resigned, mostly over policy disagreements with a president they felt was betraying
the socialist principles on which he was elected and had become too
accommodating to the right.
This move to the right can be explained in the context of
France's weak economy and continued high unemployment where Hollande's various remedies
have had little or no effect so far, and the November terrorist attacks in
Paris that called for a strong response such as a state of emergency, with
increased house arrests and police raids without warrants. The President's anti-terrorism
actions at home were perceived as strong and decisive, and raised his approval
rating right after the attacks by 22 points to 50%, as shown in a December IFOP
poll. A jittery nation responded well to a strong hand at the helm.
Unfortunately, all was lost again when 2015 year-end figures
confirmed a near stagnant economy and yet another increase in the unemployment
level. A January 7 poll by Elabe showed that only 26% of French voters approved
of Hollande's leadership and that his New Year's message had failed to provide reassurance.
Echos of "It's the economy, stupid" ?
CALAIS JUNGLE
Meanwhile, the refugee crisis is looming large in several EU
countries, nowhere more so than in the French port city of Calais where things
are coming to a boil.
As I reported earlier, some 6000 refugees seeking to enter
the U.K. are stuck in and around Calais where they try every day to board a
ferry or stow away on a truck bound for England. The local authorities grouped
them together on a vacant lot outside the city where it sheltered 1500 of them
in tents with access to food and showers nearby. Soon, however, the continued
flow of new arrivals overwhelmed these facilities, makeshift tents sprouted up
everywhere, living conditions worsened and tensions rose. The camp became known
as The Jungle, a slum made increasingly unlivable with its unsanitary
conditions and the onset of winter. About half of the refugees have been
transferred to other centers, but some 3000 remain today in The Jungle which
heavy rains have turned into one vast field of mud.
In response the local authorities are installing heated living
containers in the camp to replace the flimsy tents which are poor protection
against rain and mud. They have also moved some 120 women with young children
to the neighboring Jules Ferry open-air center where they are well housed in a building
behind a gate that is locked at night to keep them safe from male aggressors. [
Médecins Sans Frontières has noted many
unwanted pregnancies, venereal disease and signs of abuse among the 200-300
women who live in the camp.]
The authorities have also begun to clear a 100 m security
zone around the camp's perimeter, demolishing in the process a makeshift church
and a mosque built by the refugees. Construction of the converted containers,
bolted onto a cement foundation, continues but will not replace all the tents
before the end of winter. This does not seem to disturb some of the diehards
who still hope to get to England and will keep trying in spite of the tightened
security, razor-wire-topped fences, unscalable walls and guard dogs on both
sides of the border. "The biggest problem" says one of the migrants,
"is that this transit, this temporary wait in Calais, could become permanent
with better housing. We are at the mercy of your goodwill and benevolence,
which we are very grateful for, but as able-bodied men we want to work, we want
to keep hoping, we want to rebuild our lives and join our family members in
England. It is hard to keep your dignity, whether you live in a leaky tent or in
a comfortable box."
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| Church in The Jungle, before |
The mayor of Calais and the Prefect of the region, both
women, have repeatedly appealed to the government for help, most recently in
the form of army personnel to help clear out the human traffickers in the area
as well as anarchists from groups such as No Borders, who incite the migrants
to riot and supply them with truncheons to fight the police.
The women met in
Paris this week with Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve and the newly appointed
Minister of Justice, Jean-Jacques Urvoas. At stake is not only the lot of the
migrants but also the image of the City of Calais and the proper functioning of
the port. Meanwhile, a number of NGOs, associations and volunteers are doing
their best to keep things together in the camps.
Elsewhere in Europe, refugees are facing other battles.
The New Year's Eve wave of sexual assaults on German women
in Cologne that police attributed to migrants from North Africa has put severe
pressure on Angela Merkel's open-door refugee policy. Although nothing has
changed for war refugees from Syria and Afghanistan, the German government has
now decided to put migrants from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia on a "safe
country of origin" list, which means they cannot obtain asylum.
Alarm bells are ringing in Scandinavia as well, resulting in
tightened immigration policies.
Sweden announced that it may reject up to half of the
163,000 asylum applications it received in 2015 and that the failed asylum
seekers will be deported over several years.
Neighboring Finland, which like Sweden has received the
highest number of migrants per capita in the EU, announced similar measures and
may deny up to two-thirds of the 32,000 asylum requests it is currently considering.
In Denmark parliament approved a new law that allows the
confiscation of valuables over 10,000 Kroner (1,340 Euros; 1,450 dollars) from
refugees and a delay in family reunification. The tough new law is meant to
reduce the influx of refugees and was explained as "no different from what
we ask our Danish citizens before they receive state benefits."
Switzerland and Germany have also begun to confiscate valuables and ask refugees
to help pay for their upkeep "to ensure that they are not better off than our own people on welfare."
As the mood is turning, the need for a united
European response to this crisis has never been more urgent.
OTHER UNREST
The world may be changing, but nothing seems more permanent than
strikes in France. In the past two months we have seen strikes by farmers, teachers, airlines, taxis (the regular kind as well as the independent Uber kind they were
striking against), and yesterday we had a strike in support of strikers. Thousands
of members of the largest French union, the CGT, answered a call to strike to protest
against prison sentences meted out against eight workers at a Goodyear plant who
held two managers hostage for thirty hours in January 2014. They want the charges dropped.
The sentence by a
court in Amiens of nine months in prison with a further 15 suspended was
considered too harsh by many, but may have been exemplary in view of a pattern
of increased hostage-taking and violence at plant closings over the past years.
Though strikers often resort to violence and destruction, they are hardly ever
punished by the courts because this usually occurs in the context of plant
closings and loss of jobs.
This latest strike took place in many cities throughout France but was most keenly felt in Paris where service on the busy RER A and B lines was
reduced to half, thus stranding many of the two million daily commuters. As
usual, most French people supported the strikers.
ALSO IN THE NEWS...
this item in Le Monde of yesterday attempting to shed light on various press reports of the previous day on the status of the
accent circonflexe. Will we lose it? Will the spelling reforms kill it off? Will it disappear at the start of the new school year? Social networks were quick to respond. The Department of Education less so, stating they had issued nothing on the subject. The rumor had started when on February 3rd the TF1 website announced that the spelling reform of 1990 would become effective at the start of the new school year in September 2016.
Here is a summary of the long article in Le Monde:
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| Seat of the Académie Française |
In 1990 the Académie Française had proposed a simplification of spelling and accentuation of the French language, resulting in fierce opposition, passionate debate and silence…until 2008, when an official Bulletin of the Department of Education made reference to the "revised spelling" rules. Nobody seems to have noticed until in late 2015 another reference was made to "rectified spelling, as approved by the Académie Française and published in the Journal Officiel of 6 December 1990" in connection with the upcoming school year.
So where do we stand in 2016? A textbook publisher replies: "This time we all decided to incorporate the new spelling in our manuals, which was only done sporadically before. However, this remains a choice and not an obligation." And our circumflex accent? Does it stay? Well, let's say it comes and goes, depending. I'll skip the rules and their exceptions, which end with this statement of the Académie Française: "All those who already have a good comprehension of the old spelling do not have to adopt this new norm." And this conclusion of Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, French Minister of Education: "The new rules are a reference but cannot be imposed. Therefore, both the old and new spelling are correct."
Just so you know and don't get impatient about impending change.
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| Sir Michael Edwards |
I wonder if Sir Michael Edwards had anything to do with this. Who he? The first Englishman to enter the Académie Française! London-born Edwards is a poet, translator, author and literary critic specializing in French language and literature, who was elected to join the 40 Immortals of the Académie Française in February 2013 where he took the seat of Jean Dutourd who had died in 2011. Married to a Frenchwoman, he has dual citizenship and was knighted in 2014 for his services to Franco-British cultural relations.
The doors of the most exclusive French institution have opened just a crack to let in UN ROSBIF !
Who would have thought it?
